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The present paper reports for the first time the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the leaves of Phoebe macrocarpa C. Y. Wu. The yield of the essential oil was 0.28% (w/w). The essential oil features monoterpene hydrocarbons (3.3%), oxygenated monoterpenes (2.8%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (31.9%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (46.0%). The major compounds of the essential oil were β-caryophyllene (16.6%) and spathulenol (12.6%). The essential oil showed moderate antimicrobial activity towards Enterococcus faecalis ATCC299212 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 128 µg/ mL, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC 256 µg/mL) and Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 (MIC 1280 µg/ mL). The essential oil did not display anti-candidal activity.