Bài báo khoa học

Two-dimensional finite difference element analyses are performed to evaluate the tunnel response under earthquakes with different frequency content. The nonlinear model is used to consider the behavior of soil elements, while the elastic model is used to simulate the structure element response. The elastic base is applied at the bottom to absorb propagating waves, and the free-field column is used at the lateral boundary to consider the free-field motion in the soil medium. This study also comprehensively investigates the effect of soil-structure relative stiffness and soil-structure contact. The numerical results are validated with analytical solutions. The parametric study results show that the earthquake frequency content significantly affects the tunnel response. The higher frequency content of the earthquake results in a lower lining response. The effect of earthquake frequency content is more evident when the intensity level of input motion is increased. A similar trend is observed with the effect of soil-tunnel contact. The tunnel response decreases with increasing soil stiffness.